PBS Sorting People Assignment

‘Race’ is the word generally used to portray any gathering of individuals with comparable attributes. As indicated by the PBS’ ‘Race: The Power of Illusion’, race and racial gatherings are two distinct things. In the good 'ol days, whites were viewed as a race while African Americans were seen as a racial group.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on PBS Sorting People Assignment explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This shows the component of separation in the perspective on the whites. During the arranging action, for instance I just figured out how to get two of every class right. I ascribe this to the way that I gathered the people dependent on their physical highlights that I could see on them. This demonstrates just by taking a gander at the obvious physical highlights; one can't precisely decide another person’s race. My meaning of race is a gathering of individuals who in the wake of living respe ctively for a while, can coordinate each other’s singular societies into theirs and be alright with them. In the arranging individuals work out, skin shading can't be a compelling marker of race on the grounds that for instance, the ‘medium light’ conceal if skin shading is available all through all the races, and brown complexion tone was available in the one of the Asian subject who traditionally, is seen to all be fair looking. This implies an individual with medium fair complexion can have a place with any of the races present in America and a brown complexion tone doesn't really imply that one is dark. What's more, blood classification is incapable in grouping race in light of the fact that from the utilization of the blood classification arranging movement, I discovered that the blood classifications O and An, are available all through all the races gave. To put it plainly, this would utilize blood classification mistaken in gathering individuals into races since one blood classification might be available in all races and each other blood classification might be segregated to a specific race. Social development corresponding to race In America, there is an apparent kind of social request as per whichever race you are from. From the beginning of subjugation and settlement, the whites were constantly viewed as the highest point of the racial stepping stool. This thought was additionally certified by the way that most slave proprietors were white and their slaves were dark. This is still additionally exacerbated by the way that the idea of races originates before subjugation. Prior to servitude, in America the individuals had gathered themselves into the whites and American Indians. That is before dark slaves sent in from Africa were added to the frayAdvertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity contemplates? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many individuals see race as a soc ially built substance controlled by basic factors, for example, legislative issues, social variables and monetary elements. Their contention fundamentally expresses that race is simply yet a social idea made by individuals so as to legitimize things like riches and economic wellbeing without feeling remorseful. In addition, this prompted the thought of hypo plummet, which alludes to the doling out of offspring of blended association to a subordinate gathering, further underlines the nearness of a social chain of command of races. This demonstrates kids conceived of blended associations are not considered in a similar light as youngsters conceived of same race associations. With everything taken into account the idea of ‘race’ is one, which is made by the human desire to isolate themselves socially because of specific elements. This is so as to cause themselves to feel great around individuals who they see to be of equivalent social height with the end goal that things l ike racial separation have become some portion of our general public since individuals see themselves as various or better than another race dependent on the prior expressed political, financial and social components. This examination paper on PBS Sorting People Assignment was composed and presented by client Taraji Michael to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

First-person Narrative and Story Essay Example

First First-individual Narrative and Story Essay First-individual Narrative and Story Essay There are 2 sorts of perspective in After Twenty Years. The story is about reliability and it is in reality loaded with energy. It depicts how significant is the kinships in the human relations. In this story Bob discloses to us how he reliably stayed faithful to his obligation to return to see his companion following twenty years dependent on a guarantee the two had settled on with ignoring the decisions they have made throughout everyday life. Despite the fact that the writer didn't give us a great deal of subtleties in the story it is completely contorted painstakingly composed. I trust say that the story has a very astonishment finishing cause I didn't expect that the police officer would be the companion until the end. The character of the cop Jimmy stayed puzzling all through the story. Jimmy regards his companion however regards the law and comprehends that the law is above everyone. As I would see it as a cop I would not capture my companion and I would overlook the reality I met him and let this Job done by another person when am nowhere to be found. The tone of After Twenty Years is thoughtful as the cop Mommy) is thoughtful towards his companion Bob and can't accumulate guts to capture him myself so he wind up sending a man in a common dress to capture his companion out of compassion. In this story the critique is more prevailing than the exchanges since the greater part of the story is as discourse as weave tells the cop Mommy) about him and his companion as editorial. In this story the creator needs to uncover the story in third individual restricted, however one who doesn't perceive what is in characters musings, they represent themselves. : The motivation behind such a perspective isn't to uncover everything in the story so effectively it implies the guide needs to keep some anticipation it is to be sure untraditional story. With everything taken into account After Twenty Years is an anecdote about fellowship the two companions who were isolated by time and have various showers throughout everyday life. The perspective shields the peruser from knowing reality until the time has come to be uncovered, which means total anticipation anyway it is unreasonable or in another word incredible on the grounds that it once in a while happens to capture your best mate. The story begins gradually and when the climate is set, I was demonstrated an inside and out various side of the characters. The language utilized by the writer cakes some time in becoming accustomed to and when I began perusing the story I unwittingly become dependent on this writer. Much obliged to YOU AMA The initial introduction I took when I read the story is the ladies character she is insidious in light of the fact that the story begins with a huge ladies strolling conveying a pack loaded with mallets and nails however steadily I begin finding how virtuous she is. The ladies have an authority character and lead the kid in to a genuine person who has beneficial things to offer in life . Accept the main individual point see is the ladies she truly bigly affects e and caused me to comprehend that individuals may have a few troubles in life that make the hoodlums the manner in which they are and caused me to understand that we can change individuals and cause them to have a superi or lives. There is just a single individual perspective in Thank You AMA, which is turning an awful individual in too great individual by given them considerably more of what they anticipate. In the story The storyteller is just mentioning to us what occurs and what has been said as discoursed yet we dont comprehend what is happening the brain of Mrs.. Jones and roger the hero of this story. (Mrs.. Jones) is a solid father with a delicate heart and nice sentiments she helped the kid (Roger) to dispose of his negative behavior patterns and changes him. Toward the beginning of the story, Roger attempts to loot Mrs.. Jones. However, rather than handing him over to the police, she treats him with comprehension and regard. By doing this, she causes him to feel like a decent individual. She makes him need to act and carry on, as when he doesn't take from her when taken off alone with her tote. This is a gigantic blessing, and that is the reason the story has the title it does. The tone of this story is a blend of compassion and incongruity . Sooner or later she is thoughtful in light of the fact that it alps in decreasing the intention behind why people carry out violations. In giving her sense behemoths behind the young men difficulty and thinking about him she has made him reflect on his decisions and future choices as she gives him ten dollars to purchase garments for himself, She takes care of him with a decent dinner and gives him a bit of her insight. Also, it is amusing in light of the fact that the kid Roger doesn't have enough cash to purchase shoes for him and needs to take so as to get one. In Thank You AMA the exchanges are more prevailing than the critique in light of the fact that the entire story is described as discoursed. In this story the perspective causes us a great deal to think about the creators demeanor what the creator needs us to believe is that what will occur straightaway. After Mrs.. Jones takes the kid Roger home the writer needs to bring inquiries up in our psyche and he needs to play with our reasoning, the motivation behind such a perspective is to make the story additionally intriguing and agreeable to peruse. It helps in uncovering the topic of the story on the grounds that the storyteller is just mentioning to us what is happening and he didnt mention to us what is happening the characters mind subsequently we need to get it. Toward the starting I was thinking why Mrs.. Jones acting along these lines towards the kid Roger this makes the story all the more intriguing and it truly addresses the kid and to my oblivious brain as a peruser. All things considered THANK YOU AMA by Longboats Hughes is an anecdote about African-American woman who changes a kid who attempts to take her tote in to a significant way. She has given him back his honesty, seeks after the future, and instructs him to live with pride and regard. Toward the end I need to state that this whole story is a run of the mill Hughes story which discusses the morals of African-Americans and their way of life. THE TELL TALE HEART There is just one kind of purpose of IEEE in The Tell Tale Heart and that is the main individual perspective. The story was advised to unidentified individual I trust it is a type of admission to a power. The storyteller who demands his mental soundness subsequent to killing an elderly person with a vulture eye the wrongdoing is painstakingly arranged, and the killer conceals the body by cutting him into pieces and concealing it under the wood planks. Clearly the hallucinations that the keeps an eye on heart is as yet pulsating under the sections of flooring is a significant inclination in the homicide mind. The connection between the elderly person and the killer is somewhat dubious. Am giving the elderly person may be a family member, or whether the storyteller works for the elderly person, conceivably his vulture eye disclose to us a hidden mystery. The puzzle and absence of data and insights regarding the characters remain as a glaring difference to the particular plot subtleties paving the way to the homicide. The main individual perspective is the thing that makes the story so chilling and fascinating. In the start of the story the storyteller says and demands that he isn't frantic however as the story advances his crazy view gives the crowd an upsetting investigate the brain of a distraught individual and adds to the creators verbal frequenting. The tone of this story is thoughtful on the grounds that the killer is thoughtful towards the elderly person he(Murderer)says in one line I adored the elderly person he had never wronged me for his gold I had no craving I feel that it was his eye. The main thing he abhorred was his eye and the main motivation behind why he slaughtered the elderly person. In this story discourse is all the more remarkable on the grounds that the principal individual portrays the entire story as analysis. The perspective in this story reveals to us that the creator needs to recount to the story through one of the characters the reason in utilizing such a perspective in the story is to make an impact of awfulness, similar to when the storyteller (Murderer) continues saying that he isn't frantic he makes a feeling of frightfulness and anticipation about the characters.

Diversity in UK universities as a result of Globalization Essay

interconnected both financially and socially. Globalization is really the procedure of monetary, mechanical, political and socio-social powers I. e. globalization alludes to the adjustment or advancement of qualities, information, innovation and conduct standards across various social orders and nations around the globe. The attributes of globalization are for the most part connected with worldwide systems administration (I. e. web, electronic correspondence or innovation and so forth. ) with interflow of data in the monetary, social, political and social learning territories, interflow between universal collusions and contenders, worldwide coordinated effort and multi-social combination and worldwide town and innovation. There are four measurements to globalization and they are 1) Building the worldwide economy, 2) Formation of world conclusion, 3) Democratization, or the making of a worldwide network and 4) The development of worldwide political establishments. (Globalization) The beneficial outcomes of globalization in any economy is that, it has opened a more extensive idea of correspondence all through the world, it helps on getting interest in a nation, with the assistance of globalization individuals and organizations currently approach various results of different nations, there is a steady progression of capital and money in the creating nations, there is likewise an expansion in the creation part of the organizations because of interest for their items around the world. The legislatures around the globe are attempting to tackle environmental issues with the assistance of globalization. The individuals are getting progressively social and open towards one another and all the more critically there has been an expanded improvement in the zone of innovation, which has caused a decrease in the cerebrum channel for instance, the individuals of Asia are currently working in the own nations yet for outside organizations (as opposed to traveling to another country for work), these individuals are making remote trade for their separate nations. There is additionally an expansion in the progression of correspondence inside the world; the worldwide market has the opportunity to trade products and capital. Another beneficial outcome of globalization is that there is an expanded rivalry between the organizations to bring down costs which will profit the end buyer. Globalization gives expanded media inclusion. Because of globalization the ecological issues can be tackled with conversations. Another beneficial outcome of globalization is that there are facilitated commerce zones and the nations need to pay less levies and amounts. Another impact of globalization is that universal equity frameworks and courts have been propelled and overall money related markets have been made too. What's more, let’s not overlook movement between the nations have expanded ten times. (Points of interest of globalization, 2007) Globalization has favorable circumstances as well as there are a few detriments to it too. The main hindrance of globalization is that nearby organizations are presently been taken over by the outside worldwide organizations. Because of globalization there is an expansion in human dealing, another hindrance is that the advantages of globalization are not general which implies that the created nations are turning out to be more extravagant step by step and the creating nations are not progressing rapidly and poor people nations are getting less fortunate as the time increments. Another negative impact of globalization is that there has been abuse of work worldwide and the created nations have begun to re-appropriate assembling and desk occupations, which implies that the quantity of employments has diminished. What's more, let’s not overlook because of globalization the costs continue expanding on the grounds that the administrations don't be able to keep up social government assistance plots inside the nations. What's more, to wrap things up because of globalization, fear based oppressors would now be able to acquire advanced weapons effectively for mass annihilation. (Upsides and downsides of Globalization) Different sorts of globalization As we realize that globalization is the procedure of financial, mechanical, political and socio-social powers. There are various types of measurements to globalization. Also, they are as per the following:- †¢ Economic †¢ Sociology †¢ Anthropology †¢ Psychology †¢ Cultural †¢ Communication †¢ Political †¢ Geographic Economic Globalization: monetary globalization can be characterized as accelerating of the between connectedness between all the viewpoints. Monetary globalization interfaces the employment to the creation of products and enterprises. The production of worldwide commercial center was finished with the assistance of financial globalization. Financial globalization for the most part relies upon the positive and negative wonder. As of late with the assistance of financial globalization the created nations like UK are coordinating with the creating nations like India through remote venture, it assists with decreasing the exchange boundaries and by westernizing their societies. (Monetary Globalization) Political Globalization: political globalization can be characterized as the rise of a world government (like World Bank and IMF), which helps in managing the connection between the legislatures. With the assistance of globalization the created nation can appreciate a solid and sound economy for instance, USA. USA appreciates being the force to be reckoned with and having a solid and an affluent economy and development because of globalization. Geological Globalization: topographical globalization really implies that with the assistance of globalization the land separations are diminished. As we realize that separation is estimated in time consequently separation as a rule experiences pressure or destruction when discussing land globalization. With the assistance of globalization data can reach to remote areas of the world. Social Globalization: social globalization can be characterized as the transmission of culture around the world. The transmission is finished by the development of individuals, articles, images and signs. The things that are viewed as significant in social globalization are correspondence and transportation. The worldwide culture markets are for the most part determined by innovation and these business sectors are generally commanded by UK, US, Japanese and Chinese organizations. Radio and music industry is viewed as the most ideal method of speaking with the world; it is the significant wellspring of correspondence in the creating nations like India. Music is viewed as profoundly good with globalization since it doesn't want to be interpreted. Film and TV are likewise viewed as one of the significant ways for conveying around the world. Brain science of Globalization: it is presently being contended that these days’ individuals around the world, with the assistance of globalization are currently creating bicultural character, which is a mix of nearby personality and worldwide culture. That sort of personality makes disarray among the young people of non-westernized societies. The impact of globalization is that it has made character gives that is there are a few people who themselves select their own way of life which isolates them from the worldwide culture.

Super size me ( the movie ) written aurgument Essay

Overly size me ( the film ) composed aurgument - Essay Example Also, on the off chance that he is asked to too estimate the feast, he needs to state yes. Spurlock’s explanation behind his position is to demonstrate that eating items which are adjusted, for example, refined starches and sugars, items that have additives and items which have high calories are hurtful to our wellbeing and it would muddle our heart, liver, blood and different pieces of our body. What's more, the majority of these items are found in drive-through joints. He utilizes this examination as his way to help his reasons. During Spurlock’s first seven day stretch of McDonald’s diet he increased 8.5 pounds, which is from 185.5 pounds (Spurlock’s weight before McDonald’s diet) to 194 pounds. During the principal week Spurlock was devouring 5000 calories for each day which is route over the measure of calories he needs every day which is just 2500 calories. During the second say something, Spurlock increased 9 pounds, which is from 194 pounds †203 pounds. During his third say something he lost 1 pound, which is from 203 pounds †202 pounds. Be that as it may, his cholesterol levels went up from 165 †225, his SGOT levels went from 21 †130 and his SGPT levels went up from 20 - 290. The fast development of his cholesterol levels and liver proteins levels (SGOT/SGPT) made the specialist counsel Spurlock to stop his high fat eating regimen before it deteriorates. The individuals who might differ with Spurlock are the individuals who are behind the cheap food organization. The cheap food organization guarantees that they are a piece of the heftiness issue yet they additionally asserted that individuals have the opportunity to pick where and what to eat. Drive-thru eateries don’t power individuals to eat their items, however billions are spent on promoting these items. It is on paper, radio, TV and web. Besides they have this must-have-toys and play areas which is extremely welcoming to the children. S purlock reacts to this by letting individuals have progressively sound choices. Spurlock visited various

55 Amazing New Books You Need to Read This Winter

55 Amazing New Books You Need to Read This Winter Fiction Looking for a good book to cozy up with this winter? Check out these hot new titles coming out this December through February! Fiction North of Dawn by Nuruddin Farah December 4 | Riverhead Books After their beloved son, Dhaqaneh, turns to jihadism and blows himself up in a suicide attack, his parents, two Somalian immigrants living in Oslo, take in Dhaqaneh’s wife and children. But as his wife withdraws more deeply into religion, his children are enthralled by the freedoms of their new homeland, fracturing the fault lines of a family already on the brink. Hearts of the Missing by Carol Potenza December 4 | Minotaur Books Fire-Sky tribal members are being targeted by a ruthless killer. When a young woman linked to the missing commits suicide, Pueblo Police Sergeant Nicky Matthews is assigned to the case and when those she cares for are caught in the crossfires, she must sacrifice everything to catch the killer before it’s too late. Once Upon a River by Diane Setterfield December 4 | Atria/Emily Bestler From the author of The Thirteenth Tale comes this mysterious tale of a girl come back from the dead. Three families claim she is a lost loved oneâ€"a daughter, a granddaughter, a sisterâ€"but each family has secrets that must be revealed for the girl’s true identity to be known. The Day the Sun Died by Yan Lianke, Translated by Carlos Rojas December 11 | Grove Press From one of China’s most acclaimed novelists, whose most renowned works have been banned for their biting satire, comes this tale of a village trapped in a dream. One evening, fourteen-year-old Li Niannian is mystified as he watches his neighbors continuing with their business as if it were still day. Soon, chaos erupts as the dreamwalking denizens act out desires suppressed during waking hours. China Dream by Ma Jian December 25 | Chatto Windus Ma Daode has just been appointed to the prestigious position of Director of the China Dream Bureau, tasked with overwriting people’s private dreams with President Xi’s great China Dream of national rejuvenation. But soon Ma Daode begins experiencing nightmares and flashbacks of the Cultural Revolution that threaten his bright future. To suppress these unwelcome visions, he sets out to find a secret recipe for a legendary broth of amnesia that will eradicate history forever. Watching You by Lisa Jewell December 26 | Atria Tom Fitzwilliam, the headmaster of a Bristol school, is loved by everyoneâ€"including Joey Mullen, his new neighbor, who harbors a secret infatuation with the charming schoolmaster. Jenna Tripp, one of Tom’s students isn’t so charmed. She’s noticed Mr. Fitzwilliam taking a suspicious liking to her best friendâ€"and Jenna’s mother is convinced Mr. Fitzwilliam is stalking her. And then, a murderer strikes… Freefall by Jessica Barry January 8 | Harper When her fiancé’s private plane crashes in the Colorado Rockies, Allison Carpenter miraculously survives. Meanwhile, in her small Maine hometown, Allison’s estranged mother, Maggie, is shocked to learn that her daughter is not only missing but engaged to be married to a wealthy pharmaceutical CEO. Maggie learns that Allison and her fiancé are hiding dark secrets and desperately fights to uncover the truth before it’s too late. The Paragon Hotel by Lyndsay Faye January 8 | G.P. Putnam’s Sons From the beloved author of Jane Steele comes this Prohibition-era story about Alice James, a woman fleeing west from New York City after an illicit drug deal gone wrong. Upon arriving in Portland, Alice finds sanctuary at the all-black Paragon Hotel. The lodgers there are in a state of dread thanks to the arrival of the Ku Klux Klan, who proceed to incite violence at every turn. When a mixed-race orphan goes missing in the Oregon woods, Alice and her new family of Paragon residents must find the child before it’s too late. 99 Nights in Logar by Jamil Jan Kochai January 8 | Viking Twelve-year-old Marwand returns to Afghanistan to visit his extended family. There, he encounters Budabash, the dog that guards the family compound, with whom Marwand has a contentious history. Eager for a friend, Marwand approaches Budabashâ€"with disastrous results. Marwand loses a finger and Budabash escapes. What ensues is a ninety-nine night adventure across the landscape of Logar to find the missing dog. The Water Cure by Sophie Mackintosh January 8 | Doubleday Longlisted for the 2018 Man Booker Prize, this book has been described as “The Handmaid’s Tale meets The Virgin Suicides.” In the dystopian world of the novel, three sisters are raised are raised completely isolated from the violent world of men. In fact, the only man they have ever seen is their father. But when their father disappears and two men and a body wash up on the shore of their paradise-prison, the sisters must confront both the threat and promise their visitors hold. Sugar Run by Mesha Maren January 8 | Algonquin Jodi McCarthy is seventeen years old when she’s sentenced to life in prison for manslaughter. Eighteen years later, she’s released and goes searching for someone she left behind. But along the way she meets and falls in love with Miranda, a troubled young mother. Together, they try to make a fresh start, but that’s difficult in the insular and backward-thinking rural West Virginia town where they live. An Orchestra of Minorities by Chigozie Obioma January 8 | Little, Brown Co. From the Man Booker Finalist and author of The Fisherman comes the story of Chinonso, a poor Nigerian poultry farmer who sacrifices everything to win the woman he loves. After a harrowing encounter on a bridge, Chinonso and Ndali fall in love, but in Ndali is from a wealthy family that objects to Chinonso’s lack of education. Chinonso sells his possessions to attend school but is duped by a scam artist leaving him penniless. Late in the Day by Tessa Hadley January 15 | Harper Alexandr, Christine, Zach, and Lydia have been friends for thirty years. Alex and Christine are spending a leisurely summer’s evening at home when they receive a call from Lydia: Zach is dead. In the wake of this profound loss, Lydia moves in with Alex and Christine but instead growing closer, the proximity gives rise to old grievances. The Far Field by Madhuri Vijay January 15 | Grove Press Following her mother’s death, Shalini, a privileged young woman from Bangalore, returns to the remote Himalayan village of her youth. Shalini is convinced that her mother’s death is somehow related to the decades-old disappearance of Bashir Ahmed, a Kashmiri salesman who frequently visited her childhood home, and she intends to confront him. But shortly after her arrival, the politics of the small village turn volatile and violence threatens to erupt. The Dreamers by Karen Thompson Walker January 15 | Random House One night in an isolated college town in the hills of Southern California, a first-year student stumbles into her dorm room, falls asleepâ€"and doesn’t wake up. When a second girl falls asleep, and then a third, panic takes hold of the college and spreads to the town. Those affected by the illness, doctors discover, are displaying unusual levels of brain activity, higher than has ever been recorded before. They are dreaming heightened dreamsâ€"but of what? Golden State by Ben H. Winters January 22 | Mulholland Books After the erosion of truth made public life impossible, like-minded Americans retreated to the Golden Stateâ€"formerly Californiaâ€"where contradicting the truth is the greatest crime. Laszlo Ratesic is a nineteen-year-veteran of the Speculative Service, the law enforcement agency that investigates crimes against the truth. But when those in charge of the facts twist them to serve their own ends, the Speculators are the only ones with the power to fight back. On the Come Up by Angie Thomas February 5 | Balzer + Bray From the #1 New York Times bestselling author of The Hate U Give comes this story of Bri, a sixteen-year-old girl who dreams of being one of the greatest rappers of all time. Caught in a cycle of poverty and racism, Bri vents her anger in her first song, which goes viral for all the wrong reasons. Finding herself at the center of a controversy and with her family about to be kicked out of their apartment, Bri is desperate to hit the big time. Territory of Light by Yuko Tsushima, Translated by Geraldine Harcourt February 12 | Farrar, Straus Giroux “A young woman, left by her husband, starts a new life in a Tokyo apartment. Territory of Light follows her over the course of a year, as she struggles to bring up her two-year-old daughter alone. Her new home is filled with light streaming through the windows, but she finds herself plummeting deeper into darkness, becoming unstable, untethered. As the months come and go and the seasons turn, she must confront what she has lost and what she will become.” American Spy by Lauren Wilkinson February 12 | Random House It’s 1986 and Marie Mitchell is a brilliant intelligence officer with the FBI. But she’s also a young black woman fighting to prove her worth to an agency full of white men. So when she’s given the opportunity to join a shadowy task force aimed at undermining Thomas Sankara, the communist leader of Burkina Faso, she jumps on it, despite the fact that she secretly admires what Sankara has done for his people. Daughter of Moloka’i by Alan Brennert February 19 | St. Martin’s Press This sequel to Moloka’i tells the story of Ruth, the daughter Rachel Kalamaâ€"quarantined for most of her life at the leprosy settlement of Kalaupapaâ€"was forced to give up a birth. The book follows Ruth throughout her lifeâ€"from her adoption by a Japanese couple and unjust internment at Manzanar Relocation Camp during World War II to the day she receives a life-altering letter from her birth mother. Never Tell by Lisa Gardner February 19 | Dutton A man is murderedâ€"shot three times in his home office, his computer shot twelve times, and his pregnant wife is found holding the gun. When D. D. Warren arrives on the scene, she recognizes the woman from an old case. And when Flora Dane sees news of the murder on TV, she recognizes the victim from the night she was kidnappedâ€"and her captor knew him. Nonfiction Bestseller by Robert McParland December 15 | Rowman Littlefield In this book, Robert McParland looks at the reading tastes of Americans from the early twentieth century to the present. Which books dominated the bestseller lists each decade and why? From Harper Lee and Kurt Vonnegut in the 60s to James Patterson in the 2010s, McParland discusses the books that have shaped our national consciousness and imagination over generations. Book Love by Debbie Tung January 1 | Andrews McMeel Publishing In Book Love, Debbie Tung captures the essence of what it means to be a book lover with warmth, humor, and beautiful illustrations. This delightful comics collection is something bibliophiles everywhere will be able to relate to. A Rope from the Sky by Zach Vertin January 1 | Pegasus Books A Rope from the Sky chronicles the violent birth and death of South Sudan, the world’s youngest nation. It examines the role of the U.S. in South Sudan’s liberation and attempts to answer the question: What went so horribly wrong? How did a beacon of hope fall into chaos and ruin? The Truths We Hold by Kamala Harris January 8 | Penguin Press If you’ve been seeing a lot of Kamala Harris on the news lately and want to get to know her better, now’s your opportunity. In this memoir, the California senator recounts her Oakland childhood, the lessons she learned from her immigrant parents, and her rise through the ranks from local prosecutor to where she is today. Give Back the Light by James C. Moore with Steve Charles, M.D. January 8 | Greenleaf Book Group Press When James Moore was faced with potential blindness, he flew from Austin to Memphis to see Dr. Steve Charles. This book offers a portrait of a physician whose innovative work in the field of ophthalmological surgery has largely gone unpublicized and chronicles the author’s own struggle to save his eyesight. The Unwinding of a Miracle by Julie Yip-Williams January 8 | Random House In the tradition of When Breath Becomes Air, this heart-wrenching memoir chronicles a life that Julie Yip-Williams once thought impossible. Born blind in Vietnam, Julie narrowly escaped euthanasia at the hands of her grandmother and the ravages of war in the 1970s. Ultimately landing on American shores, Julie built the life she dreamed ofâ€"only to be diagnosed with metastatic colon cancer at the age of thirty-seven. Now at the end, she leaves behind a final gift to worldâ€"her story. The Enchanted Hour by Meghan Cox Gurdon January 15 | Harper The Enchanted Hour is all about the power and magic of reading aloud. Drawing on neuroscience, behavioral research, and, of course, literature, Wall Street Journal writer Meghan Cox Gurdon details the cognitive and social-emotional benefits this time-honored practice bestows on children and adults alike. A Bound Woman Is a Dangerous Thing by DaMaris B. Hill January 15 | Bloomsbury In the tradition of Claudia Rankine’s Citizen, this book honors the history of black women bound by racist systems throughout our country’s historyâ€"from slavery and Jim Crow to the modern prison industrial complex. Written in verse and illustrated with black-and-white photographs, it celebrates the women who have lived and died resisting the dehumanization of involuntary confinement. When Death Becomes Life by Joshua D. Mezrich, M.D. January 15 | Harper In When Death Becomes Life, Dr. Joshua Mezrich deep dives into over one hundred years of medical history that led to the development and perfection of the organ transplant. When doctors are empowered to steal life from the jaws of death, a number of ethical and philosophical questions arise: “How much risk should a healthy person be allowed to take to save someone she loves? Should a patient suffering from alcoholism receive a healthy liver? What defines death?” Mezrich thoughtfully explores all these questions and more. Out of the Gobi by Weijian Shan January 17 | Wiley Weijian Shan had just finished elementary school when the Cultural Revolution ripped through the fabric of Chinese society. Exiled to the Gobi Desert at the age of fifteen and denied schooling for ten years, Shan never gave up on his dream of obtaining an education. In this memoir, he chronicles his improbable journey from hard laborer to becoming one of Asia’s best-known financiers. All the Lives We Ever Lived by Katharine Smyth January 22 | Crown “Katharine Smyth was a student at Oxford when she first read Virginia Woolf’s modernist masterpiece To the Lighthouse in the companionable silence she shared with her father. After his death, she returned to that beloved novel as a way of wrestling with his memory and understanding her own grief.” In this memoir, Smyth explores “universal questions about family, loss, and homecoming” through the lens of Woolf’s work. The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee by David Treuer January 22 | Riverhead Books Challenging the popularly-held notion that Native civilization was essentially stamped out at Wounded Knee, this book offers a sweeping history of Native American life from 1890 to the present day. Black Is the Body by Emily Bernard January 29 | Knopf In this essay collection, Emily Bernard writes about the experience of being black in America. The first essay is about the day she and six strangers were stabbed in a random attack at a coffee shop near the Yale campus. She writes, “I was not stabbed because I was black but I have always viewed the violence I survived as a metaphor for the violent encounter that has generally characterized American race relations.” Underground by Will Hunt January 29 | Spiegel Grau This book takes readers on a grand tour of the world’s subterranean spacesâ€"from sacred caves and catacombs to tombs, bunkers, and underground cities in more than twenty countries around the world. Dark Shadows by Joanna Lillis January 30 | I.B.Tauris If you’ve ever thought to yourself, “Gee, I really wish I knew more about Kazakhstan,” this book is for you. Though one of the most overlooked countries on the map, Kazakhstan is in a unique positionâ€"sandwiched the superpowers of Russia and China, and with a history as compelling as it is enigmatic. The Man in the Willows by Matthew Dennison February 5 | Pegasus In this biography, Matthew Dennison illuminates the life of Kenneth Grahame, author of the beloved children’s classic, The Wind in the Willows. Inspired by the comforting pastoral landscape of the English Countryside, Dennison reveals how Grahame’s fear of social and ecological change in the years leading up to World War I permeate the story. Women: Our Story by DK February 5 | DK This richly illustrated volume chronicles human history through the eyes of women and highlights the accomplishments of trailblazing women that most history books have forgotten to mention. The Feminism Book by DK February 5 | DK This latest addition to DK’s Big Ideas series highlights more than eighty-five of the most important ideas, movements, and events that have defined feminism throughout history. No Beast So Fierce by Dane Huckelbridge February 5 | William Morrow Between 1900 and 1907, the Champawat Man-Eater, a ferocious tiger in the foothills of the Himalayas, killed an unprecedented 436 people. Hunters and soldiers failed to kill the big cat and finally, desperate for help, the authorities recruited a railroad employee named Jim Corbett. This unlikely choice led to a dramatic chase and the final end to the tiger’s reign of terror. Milk of Paradise by Lucy Inglis February 5 | Pegasus Opium in its many forms has had an enormous impactâ€"both for good and illâ€"on our history and society. “In Milk of Paradise, cultural historian Lucy Inglis takes readers on an epic journey from ancient Mesopotamia to modern America and Afghanistan, from Sanskrit to pop, from poppy tears to smack, from morphine to today’s synthetic opiates.” Brown White Black by Nishta J. Mehra February 5 | Picador In this intimate essay collection, Nishta Mehra grapples with America’s rigid stereotypes about race, gender, and sexuality. As a brown woman with a black son and a white wife, she writes about her family’s struggle for acceptance, her efforts to protect her son from racial prejudice, and argues for a more “compassionate understanding of identity and family.” Renegade Women in Film and TV by Elizabeth Weitzman, Illustrated by Austen Claire Clements February 5 | Clarkson Potter This illustrated compendium combines beautiful illustrations, short biographical profiles, and interviews to celebrate the accomplishments of iconic women who have continually pushed up against Hollywood’s glass ceiling. Included in the book are women like Barbra Streisand, Rita Moreno, Sigourney Weaver, Lucille Ball, Oprah Winfrey, Nora Ephron, Alla Nazimova, Anna May Wong, and many more. The Pianist from Syria by Aeham Ahmad, Translated by Emanuel Bergmann February 12 | Atria “Aeham Ahmad was born a second-generation refugeeâ€"the son of a blind violinist and carpenter. When his grandparents and father were forced to flee Israel and seek refuge from the conflict ravaging their home, they raised a new generation in Syria while waiting for the conflict to be resolved so they could return home. Instead, another fight overtook their asylum. Forced to leave his family behind, Aeham sought out a safe place for them to call home and build a better life.” Nature’s Mutiny by Philipp Blom February 12 | Liveright In our environmental history, most have forgotten about the climate crisis of the seventeenth century, when temperatures dropped so drastically that “frost fairs” erected on the frozen Thames became a semi-permanent part of the city. Historian Philipp Blom describes these seemingly apocalyptic weather patterns and offers insight into how they might inform our thinking on climate change today. Parkland by Dave Cullen February 12 | Harper From the author of Columbine comes this account of the survivors and student activists who catalyzed the gut-wrenching assault on their community into a powerful movement for change. Midnight in Chernobyl by Adam Higginbotham February 12 | Simon Schuster Drawing on hundreds of hours of interviews conducted over the course of more than ten years, as well as letters, unpublished memoirs, and documents from recently-declassified archives, this harrowing narrative brings the Chernobyl disaster to life through the eyes of the men and women who witnessed it firsthand. America Deconstructed by Chaithanya Sohan Shaima Adin February 12 | Motivational Press America Deconstructed follows the journeys of sixteen immigrants as they maneuver cultural differences, accents, and uncomfortable situations while feeling a sense of belonging in America. How to Hide an Empire by Daniel Immerwahr February 19 | Farrar, Straus Giroux Many forget that America’s history encompasses not just the fifty states we call the United States but the islands, atolls, and archipelagos within reach of the long arm of American colonialism. In this book, Daniel Immerwahr tells the fascinating story of “the United States outside the United States.” The Shape of a Life by Shing-Tung Yau Steve Nadis February 19 | Yale University Press Harvard geometer Shing-Tung Yau has provided a mathematical foundation for string theory, offered new insights into black holes, and mathematically demonstrated the stability of our universe. In this autobiography, Yau reflects on his improbable journey to becoming one of the world’s most distinguished mathematicians. The Price We Pay by Marty Makary, M.D. February 26 | Bloomsbury America’s healthcare system is obviously broken but how do we go about fixing it? In this book, Dr. Marty Makary draws on research, his own experience, and the personal stories of Americans to expose the system’s hidden weaknesses and offer a better way forward. The Enlightened Capitalists by James O’Toole February 26 | HarperBusiness Capitalism gets a bad rap these days and for good reason. It’s a system that seems to allow unscrupulous characters to pollute the environment, underpay workers, and hijack democracy with relative impunity. But is there a better way to be capitalist? This book looks at business owners who are trying to build socially responsible companies within a capitalist framework and asks the question, “Are virtuous corporate practices compatible with shareholder capitalism?” Evil by Julia Shaw February 26 | Abrams Press What is evil? Dr. Julia Shaw argues that our understanding of evil is rooted in culture and that things we might consider evil might seem perfectly normal to someone from another culture. And then the question arises, “If evil is only in the eye of the beholder, can it be said to exist at all?” Drawing on case studies, pop culture, anecdotes, and neuroscience, Shaw challenges readers to think critically about what makes evil, well, evil. Women Warriors by Pamela D. Toler February 26 | Beacon Press Though largely erased from the history books, Pamela Toler says “women have always gone to war.” This book chronicles the exploits of women warriors throughout history including Tomyris (who killed Cyrus the Great), Amina of Hausa (a great West African ruler who fought to expand her territory for thirty years), the Joshigun (a group of thirty highly trained Japanese women who fought against the Meiji emperor in the late nineteenth century), and many more. The Fourth Reich by Gavriel D. Rosenfield February 28 | Cambridge University Press Ever since the collapse of the Third Reich, anxieties have persisted about Nazisms revival in the form of a Fourth Reich.” In this book, Gavriel Rosenfeld reveals how fears of a Nazi resurgence helped combat far right forces in the twentieth century following World War II and how the specter of the Fourth Reich was seized upon by neo-Nazis in the 2000s. You may also like… 75 Spectacular New Books You Need to Read This Fall 12 Amazing New Audiobook Memoirs to Add to Your Playlist 45 Great Book Adaptations You Can Watch on Netflix Right Now

Colliding Worlds Green World Theory vs. Marxist Theory - Literature Essay Samples

Northrop Frye and C. L. Barbers green world and misrule theories are very much evident in William Shakespeares As You Like It (ASYI). Frye discusses his green world theory in his books Anatomy of Criticism, in 1957, and A Natural Perspective, in 1965. In it, Frye describes a normal or court world, a green world, and a changed court world. Barbers theory, found in Shakespeares Festive Comedy, published in 1959, draws from an anthropological perspective. He describes the structures as tension, release, and clarification rather than by worlds. The cultural materialist/marxist view focuses more on how one class suppresses another. The marxist view concentrates on the economics, power, and class, while Frye and Barber are more concerned with the plotline of AYLI.Fryes court world, according to his theory, is where all of the characters are in the beginning of Shakespeares play. AYLIs court, or normal world is one of injustice. It is a world where misuse of the law is prevalent. A ct 1, scene 1 reveals Olivers knowledge of how brutal Orlandos fight with the Dukes wrestler could become, yet he uses only underhand means (I. i. 138) to dissuade him from the fight. The word underhand is footnoted as meaning unobtrusive, not open or obvious. Oliver has misused the rules of the normal world to attempt to get Orlando killed. Evidence for the murder conspiracy is found in these lines, spoken to the Charles, the challenger: I had as life thou didst break his neck as his finger (I. i. 143-4). Another misuse of court is found in scene 2 after Orlando wrestles Charles and wins. Instead of giving Orlando his prize, Duke Frederick replies, The world esteemed thy father honorable, / But I did find him still mine enemy. / Thou shouldst have better pleased me with this deed / Hadst thou descended from another house. / But fare thee well (I. ii. 220-5). Two more misuses are discovered in scene 3 when Rosalind is banished by Duke Frederick on his whim and readers learn i t was he who usurped Duke Senior, his brother. Barber would refer to these injustices as building tension. At this point, something must break or be released.Act II brings all three theories into play. The change of scenery to the Forest of Arden follows Fryes green world theory. He describes this world as having the potential for characters to temporarily lose their identity. Celia and Rosalind dress as Aliena and Ganymede to change their identities. Frye also tells how only certain characters proceed into the green world (for instance, Duke Frederick and Oliver are left behind). He identifies the exploration of liberating potentialities in his theory, which he found evident in AYLI when there is interaction of the classes in the forest. Duke Senior and his men are compared to the old Robin Hood of England (I. i. 115). The lines immediately after this label suggest Barbers theory of release: They say many young gentlemen flock to him every day and fleet the time carelessl y, as the did in the golden world (I. i. 115-18). The men flocking are in situations too tense for them to handle and are escaping to Duke Senior for release or a holiday license. Historically, as the growing industrialization and diminishing agrarianism fueled the tension in European societies the instinct was for society to escape to nature. The marxist view declares no change in worlds but a change in minds. They claim the second world is a strategy for living in the first world. Marxists present Corin as evidence because he was already in the Forest of Arden and has not changed anything but employers. Corin is the character that maintains constant attention to time, space, and degree. Sylvius can declare that no one has loved like him because he has the time to sit around and ponder the question day and night and dream of Phoebe (II. iv. 21-42). He can waste the time in a day because Corin is the one completing his chores and making use of the daylight hours. Marxists a rgue manual laborers are oppressed by the upper class.The changes all occur in the final scene. Fryes third world is a changed court world. This is described as a discovery of identity, transformation, or marriage. The discovered identities can be Celia and Rosalinds grand appearance with Hymen, the god of marriage, or as their marriages themselves. Frye views marriage as the manner in which women find their identity. The transformation is seen when Duke Senior declares Orlando the heir to his throne in lines 172-185 of act 5, scene 4. Of course, the marriage rites are about to be spoken just as the play ends thus giving Rosalind and Celia found identities. Barbers third structure is clarification. He defines it as being a heightened awareness of the relation between man and nature. This relationship exists when Jaques de Boys relates the misfortunes of Duke Frederick:Duke Frederick, hearing how that every dayMen of great worth resroted to this forest,Addressed a mighty pow er, which were on footIn his own conduct, purposely to take,His brother here and put him to the sword;And to the skirts of this wild wood he came,Where, meeting with an old religious man,After some question with him, was convertedBoth from his enterprise and from the world,His crown bequeathing to his banished brother,And all their lands restored to them againThat were with him exiled (V. iv. 159-70).Not only were the characters in the green world able to find awareness in nature, but so was Duke Frederick. The marxists argue that no change or clarification took place. Corin is still working on the farm and always will be no matter whom he once served. He catered to the down-trodden escapees, but they merely used him until they could regain their social standings. In conclusion, Frye, Barber, and the marxists have similar points of argument in AYLI, but are all looking at the script through different colored glasses.

The Scientific Study Of Personhood - 1419 Words

Personhood The concept of individual, distinctive self, which is central to the European intellectual history traced back to the 18th-century intellectual movement in Western Europe called Enlightenment (Nurazzura et al, 2014: 155). Enlightenment scholars criticized the previously held notion that empirical knowledge is consistent. Enlightenment movement provides intellectual with a freedom to raise and discuss many philosophical ideas such as the place of man on earth, the relationship between nature and human and personhood (Nurazzura et al., 2014: 156). They question many of the values and practices of western societies such as slavery. For instance, during the transatlantic slave trade Africans were considered as a commodities or subjects. In this regard, much of the debate of the Enlightenment period was about why it was morally erroneous to treat others as non-person and how to define humanity (Harris 1968; 1). The anthropological study of personhood deals with how varied cultures understand the concept of a human being in a given community and across the world. They try to address questions such as: ‘What defines a human being? Does a person have an inner self? What are these constituted in the perspective of the personal self?’ and etc (Jurg and Joachim, 2013: 233). Durkheim (1964: 270) in his book the Elementary Forms of the Religious Life ‘localizes the person somewhere between the socially determined community soul and individualizing body’. He argues that theShow MoreRelatedThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks By Rebecca Skloot1586 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Personhood in Human Tissue Samples In a world with over billions of people, it’s astounding to think that biologically, we are all so different, yet so alike. As generations pass, our biological design evolves and new health risks arise, which require new cures to be discovered. 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Political Instability And Electric Shortage Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 28 Words: 8369 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The project is about the factors causing SME Loans to decline as percentage of JS Banks total advance. JS Bank is a subsidiary of JS group. The project devises the complete research on why decrease advances for the JS bank. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Political Instability And Electric Shortage Finance Essay" essay for you Create order JS bank is the emerging bank which is providing high quality of services with the primary objective of customer satisfaction. This project is on different type of research respect to small and medium enterprises and analysis of JS bank financial statements and compare with two competitors. The performance of the bank from all the perspective including marketing finance and management have been evaluated and necessary recommendations have been presented in order to achieve the ultimate goals and objectives of the JS bank and conclude that government should improve their performance against Small and Medium Enterprises. SME plays an important role to stable the economy they also perform good in their line.JS bank decrease their advances against SME loan because of recession, political instability, and electric shortage INTRODUCTION COMPANY HISTORY JS Group  is a  financial services  group in  Pakistan. JS Group controls and operates financial services companies in Pakistan. Financial services of JS Group include  asset management,  commercial banking, company research, insurance,  investment banking,  Islamic banking,  micro finance, and  stock brokerage. JS Group also has investments throughout Pakistans economy, in the  industrial sector, technology and media sectors, commercial real estate, energy and  natural resources. JS Group has its headquarter in  Karachi  [1] Jahangir Siddiqui Co. Ltd. (JSCL) came into being in 1991.Mr. Jahangir Siddiqui emerged as the successor to the financial business and equity. This company, having a joint venture partner named as Bear Steams, was considered as one of the first companies related to securities having a Wall Street pedigree. On 10th August 1991, the company was listed in Islamabad, L ahore and Karachi stock exchange. The company has achieved a lot so far like being the financial adviser to the Hub Power Co. Ltd(for its equity offerings).This company has grown and diversified within the financial services to become an insurance, banking, asset management and brokerage business. In Pakistan JS operates financial services companies. Microfinance, Islamic banking, company research, investment banking, insurance, asset management and brokerage are included in its financial services. Throughout Pakistans economy like in technology, industrial and media sectors, natural resources commercial and real estates, JS group has its investments. While the headquarter is present in Karachi.  [2] Company Overview The company exhibits a complete framework of good governance it shows splendid practices regarding corporate governance. Management has a complete hold over the check and control of risks but still accepts the challenge of the growth of its business and to maintain and improve its standards.JS group has almost 160 branches which are operating in 85 countries. JS has introduced JS bank limited with different standards of banking and also the group is working with different sectors. The bank however operates in commercial banking. The five business units of JS bank are 1. Investment banking 2. Corporate banking 3. Wealth management 4. Retail banking 5. Treasury  [3] JS bank Background: JSBL is a subsidiary (64%) of Jahangir Siddiqui Co. Limited (JSCL). Mr. Jahangir Siddiqui, JS groups founder, chairs the banks seven-member BOD (excluding the CEO). Mr. Kalim Ur Rahman the new CEO has banking experience of over four decades. The bank has a well-defined organizational structure whereby the banks operations are grouped under eleven departmental heads.  [4] Addition of new branches and expanding network to 147 online branches. Focusing growth on rural and semi urban markets. JS bank are increasing their network in 79 cities which is resulting in there increase in their branches. Js bank is also increasing growth in trade related business. Side by side they have extensive growth in home remittance business which is very beneficiary for the JS to sustain a growth in this highly competitive industry. JS bank is now increasing their business by keeping pace with the technology by offering new services. JS bank emerged as the fully scheduled bank on 30th Dec, 2006 .For the government securities it has primary dealer license from The State Bank of Pakistan. The bank offers an innovative and complete range of products and services as well. The units given below are used to categorize the banks activities. Investment banking Treasury Retail Corporate and commercial banking  [5] Retail banking Retail Banking at JS Bank offers a variety of products and services for both depositors and borrowers at competitive rates. Please call or visit our Retail banking team to discuss your financial needs. You may take a snapshot of the Products Services in the menu on the left hand side of the screen. To get further details, please click on to the specific Product or Service. Please note that Zakat, w/tax, or any other tax/ conditions are applicable as per Regulations.  Ã‚  [6] Wealth management for the individual needs wealth-building solutions are offered. Personalized and independent products and services are used. Investors diff er in their nature. Some like to get a complete hold of their investments while some want the help of an advisor who is trustworthy enough to help in strategic investments. Our Wealth Management Services are for individuals looking to create, preserve and grow their wealth with the right investment solutions customized by a team of professionals. So, no matter where you are on your pathway to success, how experienced an investor you are, or how involved in your investment decisions you want to be, we have a service to suit your needs. As part of our Wealth Management Services, our product lines are divided into the following: Ban assurance Mutual Funds  [7] Corporate banking gives away the proper credit facilities and financial solutions to the individuals and the businesses. Services and products are provided accordingly keeping the needs under consideration. Bank believes to provide highest quality services to its customers. A team of client-customer relationship helps to keep a watch over the objectives. The bond with the customers is very strong and every challenge is accepted. Every corporate customer is assigned with a relationship team. Through this team the corporate customer can access the areas of JS group. Through this dedicated relationship team, customers can also access all areas of the JS Group, enabling them to benefit from a comprehensive package of banking/investment solutions. Areas of expertise include Treasury, Asset Management, Corporate Finance, Brokerage Services as well as Islamic Banking for shariah-compliant banking services. If theres a way to satisfy our customers, well find it. If theres not, well do our best to invent one  [8] Vision To provide quality and innovative range of banking services and products to our customers by a highly motivated team of professionals whilst maintaining high ethical and regulatory standards thereby, generating sustainable returns to our shareholders.  [9] Mission To be a preferred partner of our customers by providing complete financial solutions exceeding service expectations, though a single relationship via conventional and non conventional, conveniently accessible distribution channels  [10] Business activities JSCL makes investments in the growing companies of Pakistan. Its investments cover sectors like Islamic banking, asset management, insurance and security brokerage. Jahangir Siddiqui Co. Ltd. (JSCL) was incorporated under the Companies Ordinance, 1984 on May 04, 1991 as a public unquoted company. JSCL is primarily an investment company in financial services and also makes long term investments in growing companies in Pakistan. In financial services, its investments cover all sectors including commercial banking, Islamic banking, asset management, securities brokerage and insurance. JSCL also benefits from strategic long term investments including technology and media sector companies, transport and communications companies and other industrial sector companies. Other activities of the company are trading of securities, consultancy services, underwriting etc  [11] Products and Services In the investment banking sunshade, our range of activities include corporate debt origination and syndication, underwriting, coordinating as bankers to the issue, and facilitating trusteeship and agency services. Corporate Finance Advisory The Investment Banking Group provides a comprehensive range of Corporate Finance Advisory services in the Debt Capital Markets, including Mergers and Acquisitions and Project Finance Advisory. We provide independent capital markets recommendations and financial valuation and due diligence advice, or as an integral part of managing a comprehensive Advisory and Arrangement transaction. Arrangement and Placement of Securities The Investment Banking Groups distribution team is one of the markets leading corporate debt arrangers through a variety of structured and vanilla Term Finance Certificates as well as Shariah-compliant product offerings. Our solutions-oriented approach, excellent pricing, and unmatched distribution capabilities continue to mak e us one of the leading TFC arrangers in the local market, both by volume and value.Trust and Security Services A dedicated team manages and monitors various aspects of trust and security services, including acting in the capacity of a trustee or/and an agent to various corporate debt offerings and playing an active role in structuring and maintaining special purpose accounts. Underwriting We have substantial underwriting appetite for handling large capital market issues, both at Private Placement (Pre-IPO) and Initial Public Offer (IPO) stages. Till date, we have underwritten majority of the issues brought to the local markets of Pakistan. Bankers to the issue We act as Bankers to the Issue for IPO transactions, in both equity as well as debt capital markets. Despite a limited, albeit a rapidly growing, network of branches, this is a substantial business for JS Bank through a pro-active initiative in actively marketing Public Offers.  [12] Literature review Vaughan Yeager (2007) has discussed that in the Do federal home loan bank membership and advances increase bank risk taking in past few years, FHL Bank has supported the commercial banks to remove the gap between core deposit growth and loan growth in order to increase the premiums sufficiently. From 1992 to 2005 if we check the balance sheet data and the quarterly income we conclude the effect between the increased rank on the bank risk and loan bank membership. The member banks evidently exhibit risked liquidity profiles and leverages and the risk increases by dependence on advances. Member banks have no significant difference in overall risk. The high charter values of the commercial banks have been under risk around early 1990s. Charter values can quickly deteriorate in an extremely competitive environment of banking. Higher charter values in commercial banks keep a check on risk taking. Supervisors should always stay careful, while in an environment of low charter values. Onl y a careful monitoring by federal supervisors can prevent certain moral hazards, associated with funding of FHL Bank. With the increase in the bank risk and decline of the capital ratios the excess to the advantage is definitely curtailed. The FDIC should impose a fine capital charge on banks that have a larger quantity of the collateralized obligations.  [13] Limi (2003) has discussed banking sector reform in Pakistan economic scale and scope considering financial depth to be the most important factor for the stable economic growth, banking sector adds more to it at the early stage, so it should be liberalized. In the developing economies there are different public and financial institutions which also play an important role in economy. The paper focuses on the promotion of the banking sector, reconstruction through expansion of the individual bank level. In Pakistan both economies are present in banking industry, but for larger banks like MCB scale economy is reducing. One of our major burdens for banking industry in Pakistan is non performing loans. Although state owned banks are private banks differ in their technologies and objectives. By expanding their MOR gage and the services the total cost could be reduced of the private sectors. These banks are efficient of all. While the state owned banks (NCB) have the lower efficiency. There is a need to encourage the financial institutions of medium sizes. Larger banks should focus to gain the cost saving advent by diversification of business. Foreign banks and domestic banks should focus on expanding their operational sizes. Besides the negative profits foreign banks should clear the high average cost as having a branch is of more advantage in Pakistan in their whole global strategy because both the sectors i.e. state owned and private have different technologies, so they have different benefits. State owned banks on the average are out performed by private banks. So the technical efficiencies of these ban ks should be improved through sufficient measures.  [14] Basher discussed that in impact of small industries in Pakistan the importance of small industries could not be denied. It not only is beneficial for the growth of GDP of a country or for providing a number of job opportunities but also to prevent the migration of people from rural to urban regions. In the past these small industries were completely ignored. Even banks and other financing institutes helped the large-scale enterprises. So the small industries did development on their own. Though they had old machinery and unskilled workers but they tried to manage with these resources. Government really needs to pay attention towards them as they could improve the GDP of the country by producing export quality products, by producing raw materials for the large industries, utilizing their wastes even and by providing employment opportunities.  [15] Ahemed discussed that in efficiency analysis of commercial banks in Pak istan Commercial banks have an important role in developing countries like Pakistan. Their performance could be found by its efficiency measurement. Data envelopment is used for this purpose with two approaches that is CRS and VRS. Inputs and outputs of these banks could be found by intermediate approach. To bit model is also helpful. The efficiency could be defined as producing the output with the minimum input. These banks should consider in increasing their assets with decrease in their liabilities to get their higher efficiency. Moreover commercial banks which are state owned should not be privatized. Inputs of the banks are the number of its employs and operating fixed assets while outputs are investments and lending to the financial institutions.  [16] Angadi (2012) discussed that in banks advances to priority sector In Pakistan as their few financial assets the monitory policies designed for developed countries will have a very little success in Pakistan. Monitory polici es should be made for increasing efficiency; however the policies already followed are weak enough and insufficient in reaching goals. The main burden for maintain the price, stability by increasing export rates and saving is because of policies of exchange rate so a strong monitory policy has to be followed in Pakistan.  [17] Iimi (1990) discussed that in efficiency in the Pakistani banking industry the most inefficient sector is the banking industry in Pakistan. The government although has taken steps for reconstructing. The main target is the improvement of efficiency. Employs are the basic assets related to the productivity in banks, but all are suffering from over branching. So because of over staffing, banking industry is in a loss. Technical efficiency should be well trained. Recruitment should be done on the basis of experience. Pakistani banks as compared to the average level of the international efficiency will be working inefficiently thus the government has to conti nue the reconstructing.  [18] Gul, irshad zaman (2009) discussed that in factor affecting bank profitability in Pakistan this study is all about investigation of certain characteristics of bank and their input together with the effect of macroeconomic indicators on bank profitability. Banks with more capital and macro factors like economic growth and total assets have more safety and advantage which takes them to higher profitability. According to 1st hypothesis profitability is associated with microeconomic factors. While hypothesis number two says external factors have more impact on profitability both hypothesis are expected.  [19] Rashid discussed that in economic causes of political crises in Pakistan Bonaparte tried to appear as one of the patriarchal benefactor of all most all the classes. But he could not give one class besides taking from other classes. He wanted to turn labor of France to an obligation to himself. Same in Pakistan in last 3 decades conflicts amo ng certain powerful classes and contradictions could be seen. In Bhuttos rule conflicts in landowning and that of businessman industrialist class became critical. It could be seen in the present time as well. This was also found in the state of bonapratist in which state machinery also should conflicts by getting against other classes and trying to get the hold.  [20] Tuccillo, Flick ranville (2005) discussed that in the impact of advances on federal home loan bank portfolio lending Impact of the FHL bank system on the lending activities of the member institutions have been investigated in this paper. More use of advances by a member shows a high level of housing and development loans in that members portfolio, as compared to the corresponding institutions portfolio. By looking on the assets holding of the different examination patterns could be examined. The reason of these investment patterns could be determine by regression analysis. The advances could relate positively to construction, land development, agriculture and also small business loans. FHL banking system advances have provided a very strong post of the activity of its members that are obviously beneficial not only to the communities in which these institutions are doing this business.  [21] Akhtar (2006) discussed in analysis of Pakistani commercial banks the efficiency of banks in Pakistan is comparatively lower than the scores of banks present in regions like India. This paper through DEA tries to focus on assessment of efficiency in commercial banks across whole Pakistan. The comparative environment in banking industry, increasing interest rates and higher administrative rates make local banks to be efficient than the ones from abroad. In this study some managerial implications have been like improvements of efficiency level by utilization of labor and capital is an effective manner. Proper use of technology is required. Methods to maximize returns and to minimize the risks have to be used. Restructuring and branch closures should be used. A global prospective has to be adopted by local banks. The difference in the local and foreign banks could be studied by productivity growth analysis.  [22] Vaughan, Yeager stojanovic (1990) discussed that in article is the federal home loan bank system good for bank to fill the gap between core deposit growth and loan growth commercial banks have always relied on FHL banks advances. This however can undermine the market discipline. In this study the effect of the home loan bank (HLB) could be assessed on the bank risk. Similarly relationship present between the risk and advances among the number banks was also examined. The member banks do not exhibit a significant change in the overall risk and also have sensitivity of lower interest rate. There is a need for supervisors to remain careful in a high charter value environment, while in the opposite only a careful watch by a supervisor can prevent the moral hazards rela ted to funding of home loan bank.  [23] Choe (2006), has discussed that the political economy of SME financing and Japan regional bank problem in the face of analysis regional banking sector are the main focused area. Regional banking sector has the major problem of nonperforming loans against SME sector. Political intervening against sme sector was the major issue. Government helped sme sector to getting loan from banks. Government policies to get loan was easy thats why poor sme sector get loan and in result of nonperforming loans rise. According to his research government should help sme sector but without the regional banks that is not favor in banking sector. If government involve sme sector to get loan from bank with easy financing without any guarantee banks non performing loan will increase. If the same situation in any bank so should be open their branches to other region.  [24] Fidrmuc Hainz (2008) has discussed default rates in the loan market for small and med ium enterprises sme sector are playing import role to increase default rates he took the data in the year of 2000 to 2005 because in that time period there is no high interest rate and growth of loan was moderate. He said during that time only few percent of the sme sector default on their loans. But the level of default in other countries was lower than the Slovakia he said in that type of situation only macroeconomic policies would be apply. According to his research business of natural person are much better than the legal entities.  [25] Berger Udll (2006) in his research discussed that complete conceptual framework for sme finance they said in their article lending are the linkage between governments planning and sme credit policy. They said government policies helped in large sme sector verses small foreign, local and state, private. And one of the major parts of research was how lend the money to sme sector and that helped in credit availability with the help of differe nt technologies. And on other part which proves what is the effect on profit by using these types of government policies.  [26] Hassan (2012), discussed that on SME lending long term commitment toward the development industry said that in any country development and decrees unemployment SME plays vital role. Due to increase in sme sector unemployed people getting benefit of it and sme sector promote only by the better policies of lending and taxation department also play a role in that. Conclude that article in that way only sme sector improve country local problems and unemployment.  [27] Afrin,(2012) discussed in their paper standard charted bank is the reputable bank and working in Bangladesh also she said if we blame our banks they dont play a better role. In Bangladesh we see that there is high growth in GDP increase in trade they gave opportunity to unemployed person and in Bangladesh they improve their living standard. In Bangladesh there is most profitable business in banking sector SME getting loan from bank she said failure of state that doesnt mean banks are the responsible for such type of failure.  [28] Aftab khan (1999), author of this article discussed that potential role of SME sector in Pakistan and increasing trade they discussed very challenging problem in Pakistan that the sme sector are private and they dont know how to improve their polices and to get better profit in return. SME sector they think that there is same policy in all over the world and the policies remain same in long term. Small and medium enterprises play an important role in Pakistan by last 3 decade but they have the problem company director or any on higher management they are not educated and they dont know which factor change by time to time. They said sme sector they are doing better for economy of Pakistan but they should have better plan. They discussed SME sector support should be in group form they would get better benefit of it.  [29] Tango, Nyarko, Anuwa-Amarb (2005) in that article they discussed that financial challenges facing urban SME financial sector liberalization in Ghana they discussed financial sector liberalization impact on sme and sme sector they improve in the lending and improvement in collateral against loan.sme loan improve in Ghana and thats way improvement in macro and micro economic factor. In other hand government improve in investment fund.  [30] Thorsten, Asil, Maria (2008) they discussed in that article banking and small and medium enterprises around the world they compare large sector verses SME and their financing. They found that almost all sme sector funded by banks and they doing well in their business and large sector also get service from bank the difference they found was banks have different planning for SME and large sector for funding. But there is not large difference for funding on SME and large enterprises. Large firms getting finance and services with their requirements but the important point they discuss difference only in a way of developed countries and developing countries. Ishrat (2005), she discussed in conference for SME financing their issues and strategies to resolve these problems she discussed how sme getting benefit with loans and stronger the economic condition of Pakistan she said state bank play an important role for lending in sme sector banks. She said government policies and state bank both take care of SME to promote in country. Government help in to providing land electricity and the better line for trade and more focus on industrial projects both provincial and federal government helps to promote the idea of small business. She said SMEDA is doing good in the market but in some way they improve their performance they help in to train people in small business organize seminars etc . She said SME bank which was doing well but SME bank not performs alone in their task government should support in that. And she said for banks they should establish their banks in every city even small cities of the country. There are some leasing companies working in Pakistan they should improve their services and promote their program. In last she said there wider network in Pakistan for training institute they should improve their services she said unemployment and poverty is major problem in over economy and that problem terminate only in improving of SME sector. Khawaja (2003), in his article he discussed unleashing the potential of the sme sector with a focus on productivity improvements off all he give an overview of sme sector of Pakistan there problem growth and discussed why sme sector involve in potential growth of employment economy stabilize and poverty reduction. He explain sme sector and larger sector and there growth rate in 1970 to 1990 he said growth rate was improving but not fulfill the country need. Sme plays an important role in to stabilize the economy of Pakistan. He said high growth rate in larger s cale but not in sme. He prove that sme sector not fulfill the requirement of the country thats way Pakistan lies in that box where unemployment and trade balance in negative. In other hand he explain how government policies effective in promoting SME. He said government should improve their strategies against sme.  [31] FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF JS BANK Bank have experienced a growth in its total assets mainly due to government securities but the finances have not shown such a good performances which bank needs to focus at. Capital gains F. GROWTH 2011 2010 2009 1. Total Assets 12.42% 19.48% -80.92% 2. Gross Finances -16.65% 9.58% -86.31% 3. Impaired Lending 64% 122% -0.64% 4. Investments 62.19% 59.84% -85.72% 5. Customer Deposits 28.98% 23.28% -85.24% 6. Equity 4.13% 3.54% -43.59% 32 The total assets of the JS bank have shown a significant increase during the year 2011 but this increase in the total assets is critical due to the fact that there is a decrease in the loans and advances given to the customers but there is a massive increase in the government securities which means due to the poor economic conditions prevailing in the country the demand for the credit have been shrunken down. Performance of JS Bank: The performances of JS bank in terms of ROA and ROE have shown an improvement. The bank have incurred heavy losses in the last two years of 09 and 2010 which affected the bank equity base negatively but the situation improved in 2011. The revenue of the bank from its core business of loans have been decreased due to the low credit demand and higher investments in the government treasury bills while the investment portfolio is also deteriorating which reflects poor asset quality of the bank. The bank has not invested wisely in the stocks as the gain on sale of investment has been decreased over the years. Currently, the bank is not having any liquidity issue because it has enough resources to cover its liquidity in the form of securities and cash and bank balance but at the same time the bank is losing out as the demand deposits is expense free but the bank the bank is not having enough of them. The bank is also losing out the opportunity of having profits on these idle resources . Going forward the bank can increase its demand deposits as the network of branches are increasing. During the year 2011 the bank has increased its financial performance due to the increase in the volume of the business and massive government borrowing from the commercial banks. But at the same time the bank have been affected badly by the bearish stock market of Pakistan during this period. The bank intends to increase its revenues by diversifying its cliental by focusing on dealership business, remittances and by reaching out the unreached sectors and markets as the increasing branch network would be helpful in this.  [33] Risk: JS bank risk management is very active in adopting all the practices of risk associated with banking activities which resulted into effective risk management framework which contributes mobilization and provision of banking capital. Bank risk policies are well familiar with widespread guidelines covering the credit evaluation and monitoring. Bank risk management activities are present at every level through a proper structure of policies approved by Board of Directors. Risk management committee comprises of two divisions BRMC and Audit Committee. These committees have authority to examine have check and balance on overall risk portfolio of the bank. Bank risk management is structures in this way that they not only follow the prudential regulations but also they have a compliance with the strategic goal. Asset liability committee and integrated risk management committee are operating within the established structure of banks in order to maintain and monitor the bank activities cover the weak areas and maintain the risk which is associated with every level of activity in the bank. This committee operates on a regular basis to review the market development and financial risk allied with the bank. The KIBOR plus a spread is used by the bank for the different type of load to the corporate and commercial clients while the consumer finance enables the bank to charge a relatively a higher ratio. Operational risk: The management of the bank is maintaining an adequate system of internal controls. The management has developed the control evaluation charts these policies are approved by the senior management and forwarded to the board of directors. The bank internal audit department reviews the activities and exchange them with board of directors. In 2010 JS Bank utilized Temenos T24 as its core software. Meanwhile the bank acquired the risk module but it was implemented in 2011 which further give strength to overall the risk management and internal control system of the bank to prevent any operational failure. This software also helps in the online expansion of branches of bank making it more efficient. Credit risk: The finances are around 28.68% decreased from 43.43% form 2009. The advance portfolio constitute of the textile being the highest followed by the chemical and pharmaceutical. The energy crisis has badly affected the textile sector which causes the generation of NPL from this sector. The NPLs is being devastating for the bank as the NPL as a percentage of total finances are 34% which is very alarming situation for the bank. This means beside the extensive credit and risk management framework, credit policies of the bank are failing so the credit risk of the bank is increasing. Market Risk: Market risk originates from the fluctuations in the price of securities which is a function of volatility in interest rates. Value of investments in government securities may decline or rise over given period of time because of economy changes or other events that constitute major portion of market. JS bank have very efficient trend in their investment there investment was increasing till 2011in both equity as well as in government securities. If risk is high, market conditions are not suitable and gain on sale on investment of that security is low so it can be minimized by proper Asset Allocation and diversifying which will be good for bank in every prospectus. Asset Liability Management: The investment in the government securities benefited the asset liability of the bank. A large chunk of the asset comes from the trade financing which is usually short term. The bank asset liability committee continuously monitors the position of the asset liability structure of the bank. Investment in government securities with massive amount has benefited banks Asset/Liability management because of efficient market external conditions. Funding: The main source of funding is the customer deposits which constitutes time, saving and demand deposits with almost the same percentage. The bank is also having sufficiently good amount of equity due to the issuance of the share capital. Main source of funds in JS bank was customer deposits which was 28.98% in 2011 as compared to 23.27% in 2010. It depicts the relationship maintained by bank with its customers. Bank real strength for source of funding and maintain liquidity reserve and short term lending and borrowing are done by customer deposits. This increase can be raised more by providing efficient high tech services. Increase in number of branched will help them in attracting new deposits for funding and capital needs. Capital: The banks equity to total asset has been decreased in the recent years mainly due to the provisions of the NPLs. The capital adequacy ratio has maintained and it increased due to maintenance of the tier 2 capital of the bank. Going forward the CAR is going to provide the cushion for the risk of the bank in the future. 34 RATIO ANALYSIS 2011 2010 2009 A. PERFORMANCE 1. ROE 5.29% -7.00% -10.58% 2. ROA 0.72% -1.03% -1.81% 3. Pre-Provisions Operating Profit / Avg. Equity 3.57% -8.49% -8.67% 4. Pre-Provisions Operating Profit / Avg. Assets 0.51% -1.34% -0.64% 5. Personnel Expenses-to-Total Net Revenue 91.18% 134.43% 163.89% 6. Cost-to-Total Net Revenue 91.65% 135.67% 164.02% 7. Other Operating Income / Total Net Revenue 22.31% 23.95% 31.93% 8. Taxes / Pre-Tax Profit 22.45% -34.55% -58.94% 9. Net Non-Earning Assets / Assets net of Non-Interest Liabilities 18.13% 14.97% 11.58% B. CAPITAL ADEQUACY 1. Equity / Total Assets 13.64% 14.78% 17.09% 2. Adjusted Equity (including revaluation impact) / Total Assets 13.72% 14.82% 17.19% 3. Revaluation Surplus/ (Deficit) / Adjusted Equity 0.60% 0.29% 0.57% 4. Capital Adequacy Ratio as per SBP 23.75 17.64% 23.99% C. LIQUIDITY 1. Liquid Assets / Deposits and Borrowings 64.69% 53.20% 50.75% 2. Finances / Deposits and Borrowings 34.56% 48.09% 52.96% 3. Finances / Deposits 37.61% 58.20% 65.48% 4. Demand Deposits / Total Deposits 31.85% 35.97% 30.47% 5. Export Refinance / Advances 30.02% 40.63% 37.02% 6. Finances (net of Export Refinance) / Deposits 28.80% 38.72% 45.84% 7. Government Securities / Total Assets 38.79% 27.53% 19.98% 8. Finances / Total Assets 28.68% 38.83% 42.43% 9. Lending to financial Institutions/Borrowing from Fis (net ERF) 366.8054 901.44% 3.78656 D. LOAN LOSS COVERAGE 1. IMPAIIRED Lending / Gross Finances 24.42% 12.44% 6.14% 2. Loan Loss Provisions / Impaired Lending -16.31% -27.72% -55.72% 3. Net Impaired Lending / Equity 42.98% 23.62% 6.75% 4. Net Impaired Lending / Adjusted Equity 42.72% 23.55% 6.71% E. INTERMEDIATION EFFICIENCY 1. NIMR (Net Interest / Mark-up Revenue) / Avg. Assets 4.12% 2.89% 0.69% 2. Assets Yield [Interest Earned/ Average(Earning Assets-Equity Investments)] 13.22% 15.71% 9.88% 3. Cost of Funds [Interest Expensed / Average (Deposits + Borrowings)] 7.16% 10.34% 1.97% 4. Spread 6.06% 5.37% 7.90% F. GROWTH 1. Total Assets 12.84% 19.73% -81.45% 2. Gross Finances -16.65% 9.58% -86.31% 3. Impaired Lending 64% 122% -0.64% 4. Investments 62.19% 59.84% -85.72% 5. Customer Deposits 28.98% 23.28% -85.24% 6. Equity 4.13% 3.54% -43.59% G. OTHERS 1. No. of Branches 147 126 101 2. Staff Strength 1473 1,255 1,200 35 Graphs ROE 36 By measuring how much earning a company can generate from assets, ROE offers a measure of generating efficiency. This ratio helps investors to determine whether a company is able to generate profits from investing their equity or not. In JS bank we can see form the graph that Return on equity was negative in 2009 and 2010 as they were getting no return by investing their equity in their business. But in 2011 the return was getting positive as they were able to handle their transactions and it was a result of devising their policies and regulations. ROE offers a useful signal of financial success since it might indicate whether the company is growing profits without pouring new equity capital into the business. ROA 37 ROA is a ratio which is a indicator of how a profitable company is relative to its total assets. This ratio gives the company idea as to how efficient management is at using its assets to generate earnings. In JS bank ROA trend is similar to ROE it was also negative in 2009 and 2010 but it heavily grows in 2011 which was a very good situation for the bank as they tried to get maximum return out of their assets. Thus highest value of assets shows that business is more profitable. This ratio should be only used to compare firms operating in the same industry. Total Net Revenue 38 Total revenue is income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually in the bank case these are the interest rate incomes, fees, commissions and charges. Total net revenue of JS bank consistently increased in the following years as we can see form the trend that in 2009 net revenue of JS bank was around 90 billion it increased to 130 in 2010 and it further increased to 160 in 2011. As JS bank was new in the industry and have a very high competition they still have the potential for growth as they showed up in the recent years. Liquidity/Deposits 39 JS bank was able to maintain their liquidity in terms of their deposits. This graph is showing that JS bank has no any liquidity issue right now and in 2011 they have excess liquidity which is good for the JS bank. Loan Loss Coverage 40 JS bank was able to cover their loan loses throughout form 2009 to 2011. Loan losses which occurred from default credit payments of the borrowers or the contingent liabilities of the banks. JS were having enough cushions to support up their losses. External, internal environment analysis SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: Group Banking Service level Innovative services Client Retention Transaction Quality Employee Satisfaction Products Range Growing Branch Network Visa Debit Card Weaknesses: Branches ATM Services IT Sector Lending Portfolio Transaction Quality House Financing NPLs Lower deposit rates Non-financial risks Centralized procedures making process slow Opportunities: Islamic Banking Product Development Consumer Finance Growing Consumer Liability Advertisement Growing awareness House financing sector Foreign institutional support Growing asset base Growing Investments Secure Investments Growing Banking operations Growing customer loyalty Worldwide trend Threats: Basel III Poor Economic Condition Non-Performing Loan Government Policies Bank Failure Lack of Islamic Courts Lack of professionals Risk Management No transparency for customers Micro financial crisis High interest rate from SBP Long term investments INTERNAL FACTOR ANALYSIS STRENGHTS Weights Rating Score Group Banking 0.15 4 0.6 Services Level 0.1 2 0.2 Innovative Services 0.15 4 0.6 Client Retention 0.05 3 0.15 Transaction Quality 0.05 4 0.2 WEAKNESSES Branches 0.15 2 0.3 ATM Services 0.05 2 0.1 IT Sector 0.15 3 0.45 Lending Portfolio 0.10 4 0.4 Culture 0.05 3 0.15 Total 1 3.15 EXTERNAL FACTOR ANALYSIS OPPORTUNITIES Weights Rating Score Islamic Banking 0.2 3 0.6 Product Development 0.1 3 0.3 Consumer Finance 0.05 4 0.2 Growing Consumer Loyalty 0.15 3 0.45 Advertisement 0.10 2 0.2 THREATS Basel III 0.05 4 0.2 Poor Economic Condition 0.15 3 0.45 Non-Performing Loan 0.05 2 0.1 Government Policies 0.1 2 0.2 Bank Failure 0.05 3 0.15 Total 1 2.85 INTERNAL FACTOR ANALYSIS The biggest strength of JS bank is the group backing of the JS group to the Bank. The bank services level is satisfactory according to the customer survey conducted. While it has good client retention and the transaction quality is good while the bank is seriously need to give attention to its lending portfolio due to the occurrence of the NPLs although the NPLs have decreased and advances of the bank are decreasing but still they are eroding the profits of the bank. The bank ATM service is satisfactory and it still needs to increase the number of branches and number of ATM to gain competitive share. EXTERNAL FACTOR ANALYSIS The bank has a very big opportunity for capturing the Islamic Bank niche because the trend of Islamic banking and finance is an emerging and growing trend in Pakistan. The bank is not heavily advertising but it could have media advertising because the JS group owns a complete Media group which could help in the promotions. The JS bank should focus on product development more as it does not have diversified products in retail banking as compared to the competitors. Basel 3 is going to implemented on the banking industry in Pakistan hence JS have to meet its standards. The NPLs is indeed a threat because in Pakistan the rate of NPLs is very high. Country is passing through poor economic conditions these days hence it is affecting negatively the banking business. Competitors analysis JS bank Competitors analysis with two other banks Bank Al Habib and KASB bank in this comparison ratio analysis of both banks and get a result what is position of js bank in the market. ROE ROE of JS bank is lower as compare to its competitors ROE for the bank was 5.29% in 2011 showing an increasing trend from -10.58% in 2009. Bank Al HABIB also showed positive trend with 24.33% ROE in 2011 from 23.25% in 2009. KASB bank showed fluctuation trend declining to -85.59% in 2010 from -160.58% of 2009 and last year gained back the progressive trend to -0.10%.in Js bank has decline however it is better according to competitors major reason behind ROE is declining banking spread  [41] ROA ROA of JS bank is lower as compare to its competitors ROA for the bank was 0.72% in 2011 showing an increasing trend from -1.81% in 2009. Bank AL HABIB showed negative trend with 1.14% in 2011 from 1.00% in 2009. KASB bank showed fluctuation trend progressing to -4.69% in 2010 from -5.69% of 2009 and last gain back the progressive trend to -0.02%.JS bank has increase its asset however this is majorely due to increase in investment in government securities  [42] Liquidity Liquid asset/ deposit and borrowings Liquid asset/deposit and borrowings of JS bank is lower as compare to its competitors Liquid asset/deposit and borrowings for the bank was 64.69% in 2011 showing an increasing trend from 50.75% in 2009. Bank AL HABIB showed positive trend with 70.74% in 2011 from 57.19% in 2009. KASB bank Showed fluctuation trend progressing in 73.66% in 2010 from 71.53% of 2009 and last gain back the progressive trend to 85.55% as seen from the last ratio increase in liquid asset that is government securities i.e resulted in improve liquidity position.  [43] Finance deposit and borrowings Finance deposit and borrowings of JS bank is lower to its competitors finance deposit and borrowings for the bank were 34.56% in 2011 showing a decreasing trend from 52.96% in 2009. Bank AL HABIB shows negative trend with 36.33% in 2011from 51.09% 2009. KASB bank showed fluctuation trend progressing in 60.65% in 2010 from 51.56% and last gain back with 60.86% Finance Deposit Finance and deposit of JS bank is lower to its competitors finance deposit bank were 37.61% in 2011 showing a decreasing trend from 65.48% in 2009. Bank Al HABIB shows negative trend with 39.84% in 2011from 61.44% in 2009. KASB bank showed fluctuation trend progressing trend in trend progressing in 68.69% in 2010 from 58.29% and last gain back with 72.23% in 2011. Demand Deposit/ Total deposit Demand Deposit/ Total deposit of js bank is higher as compare to its competitors Demand Deposit/ Total deposit for the bank was 31.85% in 2011 showing a decreasing trend from 30.47 % in 2009. Bank Al HABIB also showed negative trend with 38.08% in 2011 from 43.84% in 2009. KASB showed fluctuating trend declining to 18.80% in 2010 from 18% of 2009 and last year it gained back the progressive trend to 18.85%. Export refinance/ Advances Export refinance/ Advances of JS bank is higher as compare to its competitors export refinance/ advances for the bank was 30.02% in 2011 showing a decreasing trend from 37.02% in 2009. Bank Al HABIB also showed negative trend with 17.03% in 2011 from 31.42 % in 2009. KASB showed fluctuating trend declining to 13.09% in 2010. From 14.91% of 2009 and last year it gained back the progressive trend to13.92%. Finance (net export of refinance) /Deposit Finance (net export of refinance) /Deposit of JS bank is lower as compare to its competitors for the bank was 28.08% in 2011 showing an increasing trend from 45.84% in 2009. Bank Al HABIB also showed negative trend with 33.51% in 2011 from 43.79% in 2009. KASB showed fluctuating trend declining to 59.70% in 2010. From 49.60% of 2009 and last year it gained back the progressive trend to 49.60%.finance of JS bank has increase however this increase as measured as proportion of deposit otherwise investment has increased by a greater pace. Government securities/ Total Asset Government securities/ Total Asset of JS bank is higher as compare to its competitors roe for the bank was 38.79% in 2011 showing a increasing trend from 19.98 % in 2009. Bank Al HABIB showed positive trend with 52.88% in 2011 from 39.50% in 2009. KASB showed fluctuating trend declining to 10.74% in 2010. From 17.83% of 2009 and last year it gained back the progressive trend to 12.38%.this ratio justify over explanation that js bank as shifted its business to non core activities that are investment. Finances/ total Asset Finances/ total Assets of JS bank is lower as compare to its competitors for the bank was 28.68% in 2011 showing decreasing trend from 42.43 % in 2009. Bank Al HABIB also showed negative trend with 33.29% in 2011 from 46.55% in 2009. KASB showed fluctuating trend declining to 56.33% in 2010. From 47.64% of 2009 and last year it loss back the regressive trend to 53.54%. Lending to financial institution/ borrowing Lending to financial institution/ borrowing of JS bank is higher as compare to its competitors roe for the bank was 366% in 2011 showing an increasing trend from 378 % in 2009. Bank Al HABIB also showed positive trend with 19.9% in 2011 from 14.98% in 2009. KASB showed fluctuating trend declining to 2.02% in 2010. From 61.26% of 2009 and last year it gained back the progressive trend to 61.26%. Growth Total Asset Total Asset of JS bank is lower as compare to its competitors total asset for the bank was 12.84% in 2011 showing decreasing trend from 8.24 % in 2009. Bank Al HABIB also showed negative trend with 15.17% 2011 from 40.88% in 2009. KASB showed fluctuating trend declining to -59.36% in 2010. From 27.76% of 2009 and last year it loses back the regressive trend to -99.9%. Gross financing Gross financing of js bank is lower as compare to its competitors for the bank was -16.65% in 2011 showing a decreasing trend from -86.53 % in 2009. Bank Al HABIB also showed negative trend with -15.45% in 2011 from 14.06% in 2009.KASB showed fluctuating trend declining to 3.49% in 2010. From -4.93% of 2009 and last year it loses back the regressive trend to -99.90%. Impaired lending Impaired lending of JS bank is higher as compare to its competitors for the bank was 64% in 2011 showing an increasing trend from -0.64 % in 2009. Bank Al HABIB showed negative trend with 8% in 2011 from 91% in 2009. KASB bank showed fluctuating trend declining to 5.41% in 2010. From 8.22% of 2009 and last year it loses back the regressive trend to -99.89%. Investment Investment of js bank is higher as compare to its competitors roe for the bank was 62.19% in 2011 showing an increasing trend from -85.72 % in 2009. Bank Al HABIB also showed positive trend with 52.19% in 2011 from 29% in 2009.KASB bank showed fluctuating trend declining to 5.14% in 2010. From 1.3% of 2009 and last year it gained back the progressive trend to 11.9%. Equity Equity of JS bank is lower as compare to its competitors roe for the bank was 4.13% in 2011 showing an increasing trend from -43.59 % in 2009. Bank Al HABIB showed negative trend with 10.45% ROE in 2011 from 23.27% in 2009.KASB bank showed fluctuating trend declining to -59.33% in 2010. From -46.2% of 2009 and last year it gained back the progressive trend to -1.32%. Spread Spread of JS bank is higher as compare to its competitors for the bank was 6.06% in 2011 showing an increasing trend from 7.90% in 2009. Bank Al HABIB also showed negative trend with 5.16% in 2011 from 3.18% in 2009.KASB bank showed fluctuating trend declining to 4.08% in 2010. From 3.94% of 2009 and last year it gained back the progressive trend to 5.9%.spread is decreasing because of increase in competition and survival of small banks Net impaired lendings equity Net impaired lending of JS bank is lower as compare to its competitors roe for the bank was 42.98% in 2011 showing an increasing trend from 6.75 % in 2009. Bank Al HABIB also showed positive trend with -11.34% in 2011 from -2.06% in 2009.KASB bank showed fluctuating trend declining to 23.1% in 2010. From 12.89% of 2009 and last year it gained back the progressive trend to 29.9%. Nonperforming loans are increasing due to asset quality of JS bank. Js bank should focus on improvement of asset quality via imposing 6cs (collateral, cash, characters, credit worthiness) of lendings. STRUCTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION Board of Directors Chairman Mr. Jahangir Siddiqui Mr. Mazharul Haq Siddiqui Mr. Maqbool A. Soomro Mr. Ashraf Nawabi Mr. Rafique R. Bhimjee Mr. Shahab Anwar Khawaja Mr. Basir Shamsie President Chief Executive Officer Mr. Kalim-ur-Rahman Audit Committee Chairman Mr. Jahangir Siddiqui Member Mr. Maqbool A. Soomro Member Mr. Rafique R. Bhimjee Company Secretary Mr. Muhammad Yousuf Amanullah Auditors M. Yousuf Adil Saleem Co. Chartered Accountants (Member firm of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu) Legal Advisors Bawaney Partners Liaquat Merchant Associates Share Registrar Technology Trade (Pvt.) Limited 241-C, Block-2, P.E.C.H.S., Karachi Registered Office JS Bank Limited Shaheen Commercial Complex Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Road P.O. Box 4847 Karachi-74200, Pakistan  [44] Research Question and Statement of Problem Area of Interest: SME BANKING The basic research design is for small and medium sector why these are not getting loan from banks Area of Research: SME FINANCING (SME LOANS) Research question: The research question is stated as: What are the factors causing SME Loans to decline as percentage of JS Banks total advances? Answer to this question will connect studying the strategies of competitors. This question will be answered by satisfying the following questions: Competitor Analysis Situation Analysis SME financing Current economic Situation of Pakistan Future prospects Strategy for SME using by the government of Pakistan Literature Review Tabulating and analyzing results Methodology Sample technique Sample frame required Size of sample needed Geographic area to which suited Relative cost Easy to explain to support workers Simple random sampling Accurate and easily access able Better with over a few hundred Concentrated if face to face content required otherwise does not matter High if large sample size or sampling frame not computerized Relatively difficult to explain 45 Simple random sampling involve you selecting the sample at random from sampling frame using either random number tables or a computer to do this Number each of the cases in your sampling frame with a unique number. The first case is numbered 0, second 1 and so on.. Select cases using random number until your actual size is reached Sample random sampling is the best used when you have an accurate and easily accessible sampling frame that list the entire population, preferably stored on computer. While you can often obtain these for employees within organization members of society are often not available for type of organization if your population cover large geographical area random selection means that selected cases are likely to disperse throughout the area.  [46] As quote above which use in methodology purpose the techniques select simple random sampling is accurate and easily approachable. Questionnaire filled in face to face and sample size was very large. Thats way questionnaire filled from thirty different type small and medium businesses. Questionnaires filled in sequence first second third and so on with using random numbering. Sample size: 30 Research type I have conducted qualitative research simple random sampling method as my thesis title suggests. It has the objective of what are the factors causing SME Loans to decline as percentage of JS Banks total advances. Data type It is primary data which gets to fill questionnaire from different small and medium firm and conducted some interview and analysis of financial statements year 2009 to 2011. I explored it for my purpose and the data I m using graphs to get my answer. Sources of data Data for financial statements has been taken from website of JS bank from 2009 to 2011. By taking an interview and fill questionnaire. Time frame Activity Start time End Time Research Proposal 27-07-12 24-08-12 Literature Review 24-08-12 15-09-12 Competitor Analysis 20-09-12 28-09-12 Questionnaire 04-10-12 14-10-12 Analysis of data collected 14-10-12 23-10-12 Fi